National Adult Tobacco Survey of Cambodia 2011
Cambodia, 2010
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Reference ID
KHM-NIS-NATSC-2011-v01
Producer(s)
National Institute of Statistics
Metadata
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Identification
Survey ID Number
KHM-NIS-NATSC-2011-v01
Title
National Adult Tobacco Survey of Cambodia 2011
Country
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Cambodia | KHM |
Study type
Other Household Health Survey [hh/hea]
Series Information
The 2011 National Adult Tobacco Survey of Cambodia is the second survey of Cambodia conducted by the National Institute of Statistics (NIS).
Abstract
This National Adult Tobacco Survey promotes capacity building within the Kingdom of Cambodia for future tobacco research and long-term tobacco control strategies.
Kind of Data
Sample survey data [ssd]
Unit of Analysis
Individuals
Households
Households
Version
Version Description
- v01: Edited and anonymized data.
Version Date
2011-08-25
Scope
Notes
Form 2 (Core Questionnaire) of NATSC Cambodia consists of 11 sections. Eight of these sections contain GATS survey items that have been adapted for use in Cambodia. A general description of each section that contains GATS items is described below (the questionnaire is provided in Appendix A):
• Tobacco smoking: Patterns of use (daily consumption, less than daily consumption, not at all), former/past tobacco consumption, age of initiation of daily smoking, consumption of different tobacco products, (cigarettes, pipes, cigars and other smoked tobacco), nicotine dependence, frequency of quit attempts.
• Smokeless tobacco: Patterns of use (daily consumption, less than daily consumption, not at all), former/past use of smokeless tobacco, age of initiation of daily use of smokeless tobacco, consumption of different smokeless tobacco products (snuff, chewing tobacco, betel quid, etc.), nicotine dependence, frequency of quit attempts.
• Cessation: Advice to quit smoking by health care provider, method used to try to stop smoking. Similar information is asked for cessation on smokeless tobacco as well.
• Secondhand smoke: Smoking allowed in the home, exposure to secondhand smoke at home, indoor smoking policy at work place, exposure during the last 30 days in: work place, government buildings/offices, health care facilities, restaurants, public transportation.
• Economics: Type of tobacco product and quantity bought, cost of tobacco product(s), brand, type of product purchased, and source of tobacco products.
• Media: Exposure to advertisement (television, radio, billboards, posters, newspapers/magazines, cinema, internet, public transportation, public walls, others); exposure to sporting events connected with tobacco; exposure to music, theatre, art or fashion events connected with tobacco; exposure to tobacco promotion activities; reaction to health warning labels on cigarette packages; exposure to anti-tobacco advertising and information. Similar questions are included for smokeless tobacco as well. The reference period for the questions in this section is 30 days.
• Knowledge, attitudes and perceptions: Knowledge about health effects of both smoking and smokeless tobacco.
In sum, NATSC 2011 survey items were designed from several sources of input: 1) GAT items, 2) focus groups conducted on tobacco and health issues in rural and urban centers, 3) survey research done as part of the TCLT program, and 4) consultation with local nongovernmental organizations that had conducted provincial surveys on tobacco use. Since the multidisciplinary group who designed the survey included both English and Khmer speaking investigators, there was need for translation from a working English document. The written survey items were translated and back-translated to verify content, criteria and semantic equivalence by bilingual and monolingual experts who used the methods described by Flaherty et al. Pre-testing among subjects in urban and rural centers was also done and the findings were used to refine the final wording of the NATSC survey.
• Tobacco smoking: Patterns of use (daily consumption, less than daily consumption, not at all), former/past tobacco consumption, age of initiation of daily smoking, consumption of different tobacco products, (cigarettes, pipes, cigars and other smoked tobacco), nicotine dependence, frequency of quit attempts.
• Smokeless tobacco: Patterns of use (daily consumption, less than daily consumption, not at all), former/past use of smokeless tobacco, age of initiation of daily use of smokeless tobacco, consumption of different smokeless tobacco products (snuff, chewing tobacco, betel quid, etc.), nicotine dependence, frequency of quit attempts.
• Cessation: Advice to quit smoking by health care provider, method used to try to stop smoking. Similar information is asked for cessation on smokeless tobacco as well.
• Secondhand smoke: Smoking allowed in the home, exposure to secondhand smoke at home, indoor smoking policy at work place, exposure during the last 30 days in: work place, government buildings/offices, health care facilities, restaurants, public transportation.
• Economics: Type of tobacco product and quantity bought, cost of tobacco product(s), brand, type of product purchased, and source of tobacco products.
• Media: Exposure to advertisement (television, radio, billboards, posters, newspapers/magazines, cinema, internet, public transportation, public walls, others); exposure to sporting events connected with tobacco; exposure to music, theatre, art or fashion events connected with tobacco; exposure to tobacco promotion activities; reaction to health warning labels on cigarette packages; exposure to anti-tobacco advertising and information. Similar questions are included for smokeless tobacco as well. The reference period for the questions in this section is 30 days.
• Knowledge, attitudes and perceptions: Knowledge about health effects of both smoking and smokeless tobacco.
In sum, NATSC 2011 survey items were designed from several sources of input: 1) GAT items, 2) focus groups conducted on tobacco and health issues in rural and urban centers, 3) survey research done as part of the TCLT program, and 4) consultation with local nongovernmental organizations that had conducted provincial surveys on tobacco use. Since the multidisciplinary group who designed the survey included both English and Khmer speaking investigators, there was need for translation from a working English document. The written survey items were translated and back-translated to verify content, criteria and semantic equivalence by bilingual and monolingual experts who used the methods described by Flaherty et al. Pre-testing among subjects in urban and rural centers was also done and the findings were used to refine the final wording of the NATSC survey.
Coverage
Geographic Coverage
The sample was designed to provide estimates of the indicators at the national level, for urban and rural areas, and for 12 individual provinces: Banteay Mean Chey, Kampong Cham, Kampong Chhnang, Kampong Spueu, Kampong Thum, Kandal, Kaoh Kong, Phnom Penh, Prey Veaeng, Pousat, Svay Rieng, and Takaev and for the following 5 groups of provinces:
I. Bat Dambang and Krong Pailin
II. Kampot, Krong Preah Sihanouk, and Krong Kaeb
III. Kracheh, Preah Vihear, and Stueng Traeng
IV. Mondol Kiri and Rotanak Kiri
V. Otdar Mean Chey and Siem Reab.
I. Bat Dambang and Krong Pailin
II. Kampot, Krong Preah Sihanouk, and Krong Kaeb
III. Kracheh, Preah Vihear, and Stueng Traeng
IV. Mondol Kiri and Rotanak Kiri
V. Otdar Mean Chey and Siem Reab.
Geographic Unit
The TCLT has 2 strata and 12 domains:
I. Strata:
Cambodia Urban and Cambodia Rural
II. Domains
1. Banteay MeanChey
2. Kampong Cham
3. Kampong Chhnang
4. Kampong Spue
5. Kampong Thum,
6. Kandal,
7. Koah Kong
8. Phnom Penh
9. Prey Veang
10. Pousat,
11. Svay Rieng
12. Takaev
I. Strata:
Cambodia Urban and Cambodia Rural
II. Domains
1. Banteay MeanChey
2. Kampong Cham
3. Kampong Chhnang
4. Kampong Spue
5. Kampong Thum,
6. Kandal,
7. Koah Kong
8. Phnom Penh
9. Prey Veang
10. Pousat,
11. Svay Rieng
12. Takaev
Universe
The study covered all members of resident households in Cambodia.
Producers and sponsors
Primary investigators
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| National Institute of Statistics | Ministry of Planning |
Producers
| Name | Role |
|---|---|
| Word Health Organazation | Overall supervision |
| National Institute of Health | technical assistance |
| Southeast Asia Tobacco Control Alliance | technical assistance |
Funding Agency/Sponsor
| Name | Abbreviation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Word Health Organazation | WHO | Funding |
| Loma Linda University | LLU | Funding |
Other Identifications/Acknowledgments
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Pramil Singh | Field Director | Study Investigator |
| National Institute of Statistics | Ministry of Planning, Cambodia | Field data collection |
| Dr.Daravuth | WHO | Study Investigator |
| Dr.Mom Kong | Loma Linda University | Questionaire design |
| Ms.Bungon Ritthiphakdee | SEATCA | Technical report |
Sampling
Sampling Procedure
The sample population was representative of 12 individual provinces and five groups of provinces. The sample population was stratified in three stages. Initially, the whole sample population was divided by domain: urban and rural then by other criteria. All potential participants from each selected household were interviewed. In consideration of sampling techniques and the sample size (about 15,615 eligible participants 15 years of age and older), this survey report is considered a nationally representative survey of tobacco use among the general populations within the Royal Cambodian Kingdom.
(Please see technical documents for detail on Sampling Design and Sample Size in PDF format).
(Please see technical documents for detail on Sampling Design and Sample Size in PDF format).
Response Rate
The end result of all interviewing yielded a 97% percent response rate.
Weighting
A list of households was compiled for every sample village (or segment of sample village) and was necessary
to select sample households for use as an input to derive household weights. Because the sample was stratified by domain, it is not self-weighting. For reporting the national level results, sample weights were used. Variable weight is to be used to weigh records at the individual level.
to select sample households for use as an input to derive household weights. Because the sample was stratified by domain, it is not self-weighting. For reporting the national level results, sample weights were used. Variable weight is to be used to weigh records at the individual level.
Data Collection
Dates of Data Collection
| Start | End |
|---|---|
| 2010-09-12 | 2010-10-15 |
Data Collection Mode
Face-to-face [f2f]
Supervision
In general, one supervisor is assigned to supervise several interviewers during the field operations. The major duties and responsibilities of supervisor in relation to the work of interviewers are the follows:
The supervisor is responsible for ensuring that all the interviewers do the listing and interview work satisfactorily in time, effectively and completely in the selected areas.
The supervisor is required to check all the questionnaires filled by interviewers.
The supervisor visits the enumeration area to check the complete questionnaires and re-interview a few sample households to check whether the information the interviewers have collected are accurate, reliable and valid or not.
The supervisor may provide to interviewers all necessary field supplies and questionnaires for fieldwork operation etc.
The supervisor serves as a link between interviewers and survey coordinators. The supervisor must inform any problem or difficulty that you or interviewers encounter during the fieldwork operation and then deal with the problems. The supervisor must help interviewers assigned under you establish contact with village chiefs, commune chiefs, and other authorized representatives of the village, commune etc.
The supervisor has to prepare a time schedule for meeting all interviewers at their respective assigned villages for checking the work done etc.
The supervisor is responsible for ensuring that all the interviewers do the listing and interview work satisfactorily in time, effectively and completely in the selected areas.
The supervisor is required to check all the questionnaires filled by interviewers.
The supervisor visits the enumeration area to check the complete questionnaires and re-interview a few sample households to check whether the information the interviewers have collected are accurate, reliable and valid or not.
The supervisor may provide to interviewers all necessary field supplies and questionnaires for fieldwork operation etc.
The supervisor serves as a link between interviewers and survey coordinators. The supervisor must inform any problem or difficulty that you or interviewers encounter during the fieldwork operation and then deal with the problems. The supervisor must help interviewers assigned under you establish contact with village chiefs, commune chiefs, and other authorized representatives of the village, commune etc.
The supervisor has to prepare a time schedule for meeting all interviewers at their respective assigned villages for checking the work done etc.
Data Collection Notes
A total of 86 interviewing staff and their supervisors were recruited and trained by the National Institute of Statistics and the Ministry of Planning. All staff members hired for data collection activities were trained covering the interview process (concepts, definitions) and filling out the questionnaires. All training of participating staff was completed within five days.
Data Collectors
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation |
|---|---|---|
| National Institute of Statistics | NIS | Ministry of Planning |
| Planning Provincial Department | PPD | Ministry of Planning |
Questionnaires
Questionnaires
Two main questionnaires were canvassed for this survey. Form 1 (Listing of Households), Form 2 (Core Questionnaire)
1. Form 1 was filled up for the listing of households in every sample village (or segment of sample village) only.
2. Form 2 contains about 103 items including demographic characteristics, tobacco use, knowledge and attitudes about tobacco use, exposure to second hand smoke, smoking cessation activities, lifestyle habits, exposure to tobacco media advertisements, and other miscellaneous questions. Information was collected from sample households within sample village (or segment of sample village).
The contents of the Form 1 (Listing of Household) and Form 2 (Core Questionnaire) may be indicated by the following list of items of information to be collected for each sample village through the questionnaires:
I. Face Page
II. Demographic characteristics such as age, gender, marital status, ethnicity,
literacy, education, occupation, and income (question number 1-19)
III. Tobacco use
· Smoking cigarettes (question number 20-36)
· Chewing tobacco (question number 37-47)
· Smoking pipe (question number 48-60)
· Age at initiation (question number 61-64)
· Reasons for starting/continuing to use tobacco (question number 65-66)
IV. Knowledge and Attitudes about tobacco use
· Knowledge of harmful effects (question number 67-71)
· Attitudes about tobacco use (question number 72)
· Attitudes about tobacco use in the community (question number 73-74)
· Attitudes about anti-tobacco policies (question number 75-76)
· Attitudes about addiction (question number 77)
V. Passive smoking (question number 78-80)
VI. Smoking cessation (question number 81-88)
VII. Lifestyle
· Anthropometrics (question number 89-90)
· Diet (question number 91)
· Health status (question number 92-95)
· Access to health care (question number 96)
· Women's health (question number 97-98)
· Children in the Household
VIII. Media (question number 99-102)
IX. Miscellaneous questions (question number 103)
1. Form 1 was filled up for the listing of households in every sample village (or segment of sample village) only.
2. Form 2 contains about 103 items including demographic characteristics, tobacco use, knowledge and attitudes about tobacco use, exposure to second hand smoke, smoking cessation activities, lifestyle habits, exposure to tobacco media advertisements, and other miscellaneous questions. Information was collected from sample households within sample village (or segment of sample village).
The contents of the Form 1 (Listing of Household) and Form 2 (Core Questionnaire) may be indicated by the following list of items of information to be collected for each sample village through the questionnaires:
I. Face Page
II. Demographic characteristics such as age, gender, marital status, ethnicity,
literacy, education, occupation, and income (question number 1-19)
III. Tobacco use
· Smoking cigarettes (question number 20-36)
· Chewing tobacco (question number 37-47)
· Smoking pipe (question number 48-60)
· Age at initiation (question number 61-64)
· Reasons for starting/continuing to use tobacco (question number 65-66)
IV. Knowledge and Attitudes about tobacco use
· Knowledge of harmful effects (question number 67-71)
· Attitudes about tobacco use (question number 72)
· Attitudes about tobacco use in the community (question number 73-74)
· Attitudes about anti-tobacco policies (question number 75-76)
· Attitudes about addiction (question number 77)
V. Passive smoking (question number 78-80)
VI. Smoking cessation (question number 81-88)
VII. Lifestyle
· Anthropometrics (question number 89-90)
· Diet (question number 91)
· Health status (question number 92-95)
· Access to health care (question number 96)
· Women's health (question number 97-98)
· Children in the Household
VIII. Media (question number 99-102)
IX. Miscellaneous questions (question number 103)
Data Processing
Data Editing
Manual processing of questionnaires verified status of completeness, correctness, and consistency of the data entries. The coding classification of Occupations and
Industries was used and were developed for the Cambodian National Tobacco Survey. The coding and classification scheme were based on the UN International Standard Occupations Classification (ISOC) and UN International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC) systems, respectively. Manual editing and coding were performed by four persons (one supervisor and three processors) all of them from NIS. They participated in editing and coding of many surveys conducted by NIS.
Industries was used and were developed for the Cambodian National Tobacco Survey. The coding and classification scheme were based on the UN International Standard Occupations Classification (ISOC) and UN International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC) systems, respectively. Manual editing and coding were performed by four persons (one supervisor and three processors) all of them from NIS. They participated in editing and coding of many surveys conducted by NIS.
Data Appraisal
Estimates of Sampling Error
Substantial differences (sampling error of > 10%) results in the addition of sample points and subjects on a per domain basis until the comparability with current national data is achieved
Access policy
Contacts
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Director ICT | National Institute of Statistic | slundy@nis.gov.kh | www.nis.gov.kh |
| WHO | World Health Organization | yeldatravuth@gmail.com | www.who.ong.kh |
Confidentiality
All survey participants provided their approval and were assured that any information provided during the 2011 National Adult Tobacco Survey of Cambodia will be held confidential and not be released. All participants were consented and informed that their information will be held confidential and used to produce statistical reports defining the scale of national tobacco use, understanding the effects of tobacco use, and to monitor tobacco use that will contribute to the development of a strategic national tobacco policy. All participants were assured that their information would not be used against them such as identifying persons who failed to pay taxes or for any other legal purpose.
Access conditions
1. The data and other materials will not be redistributed or sold to other individuals, institutions, or organizations without the written agreement of the National Institute of Statistics.
2. The data will be used for statistical and scientific research purposes only. They will be used solely for reporting of aggregated information, and not for investigation of specific individuals or organizations.
3. No attempt will be made to re-identify respondents, and no use will be made of the identity of any person or establishment discovered inadvertently. Any such discovery would immediately be reported to the National Institute of Statistics.
4. No attempt will be made to produce links among datasets provided by the National Institute of Statistics, or among data from the National Institute of Statistics and other datasets that could identify individuals or organizations.
5. Any books, articles, conference papers, theses, dissertations, reports, or other publications that employ data obtained from the National Institute of Statistics will cite the source of data in accordance with the Citation Requirement provided with each dataset.
6. An electronic copy of all reports and publications based on the requested data will be sent to the National Institute of Statistics.
2. The data will be used for statistical and scientific research purposes only. They will be used solely for reporting of aggregated information, and not for investigation of specific individuals or organizations.
3. No attempt will be made to re-identify respondents, and no use will be made of the identity of any person or establishment discovered inadvertently. Any such discovery would immediately be reported to the National Institute of Statistics.
4. No attempt will be made to produce links among datasets provided by the National Institute of Statistics, or among data from the National Institute of Statistics and other datasets that could identify individuals or organizations.
5. Any books, articles, conference papers, theses, dissertations, reports, or other publications that employ data obtained from the National Institute of Statistics will cite the source of data in accordance with the Citation Requirement provided with each dataset.
6. An electronic copy of all reports and publications based on the requested data will be sent to the National Institute of Statistics.
Citation requirements
"National Institute of Statistics of the Ministry of Planning, National Adult Tobacco Survey of Cambodia 2011 (NATSC 2011 ), Version 01 of the public use dataset provided by World Health Organization and National Institute of Statistics, www.who.org.kh or www. nis.gov.kh"
Access authority
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Director General | National Instistute of Statistics | sansythan@nis.gov.kh | www.nis.gov.kh |
Disclaimer and copyrights
Disclaimer
The user of the data acknowledges that the National Institute of Statistics, Cambodia bears no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
Copyright
(c) 2011, National Institute of Statistics
Metadata production
DDI Document ID
DDI-KHM-NATSC-2011-V1.0
Producers
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mao Chhem | MC | National Institute of Statistics | Archivist |
Date of Metadata Production
2011-09-12
DDI Document version
Version1.0 (September2011). This is the first documentation.